The terahertz quantum cascade laser on its mounting. Credit: University of Leeds Lasers that switch on and off billions of times per second are the backbone of optical communications networks, but ...

Fundamental to all wireless communications is modulation, the process of impressing the data to be transmitted on the radio carrier. Most wireless transmissions today are digital, and with the limited ...

Signal modulation is one of the most basic and important concepts in the RF industry. It consists of using the variation of one or more parameters of a carrier signal to transmit information, ...